基于生物信息学的HERV研究现状与发展趋势

近年来研究证实,人内源性逆转录病毒（HERV）中长末端重复序列（LTR）和囊膜蛋白基因（env）与基因异常表达关系密切。本文阐述了HERV国内外研究现状与发展动态。从生物信息学角度对LTR中启动子、多聚腺苷化（PolyA）信号和增强子等顺式作用元件以及env中的免疫抑制区（ISD）进行了重点分析。指出上述元件和潜在功能区在基因的异常表达和囊膜蛋白的免疫抑制中起关键作用,必将成为HERV与基因异常表达关系研究的热点与趋势。通过此类研究,以期为癌症疾病的早期诊断和治疗靶位点的选择奠定理论基础。     

国内某低品位难选铜矿的生物浸出研究

目的:微生物湿法冶金技术是一种有效回收难处理常规选矿方法难以处理的复杂矿中金属的方法,本研究旨在利用该工艺处理国内某低品位(0.67%)难选铜矿,提高铜的回收率。方法:首先,从某矿山富集得到中温富集物,其次,对该矿石进行生物浸出,同时优化浸出过程工艺参数。结果:所富集得到的中温富集物最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH值为1.9。在摇瓶中浸出难选铜矿时,最佳摇床转速为180 r/min,最优充气强度为360 mL/min,10天内难选铜矿中铜的浸出率可以达到92%。结论:该中温富集物具有较好地浸出难选铜矿的能力。     

喜树种子内生放线菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性物质初分离

【目的】探究含有抗肿瘤活性喜树碱的喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)种子中内生放线菌的多样性,以及从内生放线菌中寻找新型活性化合物产生菌。【方法】利用放线菌富集培养基分离喜树种子内生放线菌,并根据菌落形态及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析进行菌种鉴定;以及利用与病原微生物共培养方法检测分离菌株的抗菌活性。【结果】从上海交通大学校园的喜树种子中共分离到33株内生疑似放线菌,经基于16S rRNA基因序列分析的分子鉴定,确定其中21株属于链霉菌,1株属于拟诺卡氏菌,另有3株由于序列相似性低于95%而无法分类;8株因未能克隆16S rRNA基因序列而未确定分类。这11株疑似内生放线菌是否是新放线菌(种)类群,有待后续深入研究。初步的抗细菌、真菌活性检测发现,分离到的内生放线菌中42.42%以上对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)有很强的抑制菌核形成的作用,54.54%内生菌有较强抑制芽孢杆菌生长的作用。并且挑选其中具有代表性的菌株Streptomyces sp.CXSZ1进行代谢产物的分析,初步发现其代谢产物中含有抗细菌活性成分。【结论】喜树种子内生放线菌的分离、鉴定及生物活性物质分离鉴定的研究工作,一方面可以为揭示喜树等高等植物种子内生菌的起源、演化等提供有价值的信息,同时也为新结构、新活性化合物发掘提供实验材料。     

Modelling reveals endogenous osmotic adaptation of storage tissue water potential as an important driver determining different stem diameter variation patterns in the mangrove species Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa

Background

Stem diameter variations are mainly determined by the radial water transport between xylem and storage tissues. This radial transport results from the water potential difference between these tissues, which is influenced by both hydraulic and carbon related processes. Measurements have shown that when subjected to the same environmental conditions, the co-occurring mangrove species Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa unexpectedly show a totally different pattern in daily stem diameter variation.

Methods

Using in situ measurements of stem diameter variation, stem water potential and sap flow, a mechanistic flow and storage model based on the cohesion–tension theory was applied to assess the differences in osmotic storage water potential between Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa.

Key results

Both species, subjected to the same environmental conditions, showed a resembling daily pattern in simulated osmotic storage water potential. However, the osmotic storage water potential of R. stylosa started to decrease slightly after that of A. marina in the morning and increased again slightly later in the evening. This small shift in osmotic storage water potential likely underlaid the marked differences in daily stem diameter variation pattern between the two species.

Conclusions

The results show that in addition to environmental dynamics, endogenous changes in the osmotic storage water potential must be taken into account in order to accurately predict stem diameter variations, and hence growth.     

几种瓜类作物对根际高温胁迫的生理响应

以黑籽南瓜、‘春秋王2号’黄瓜、‘傲美’苦瓜、‘兴蔬’丝瓜、‘五叶香’丝瓜为试材,采用营养液栽培法,研究了这几种瓜类作物在根际35℃高温处理下的生长量、光合参数及地上部、地下部的渗透胁迫物质的变化。结果显示：处tE5d后,两种丝瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、地上干重及地下干重,叶片相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）,气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Gi）、蒸腾速率（Tr）与对照相比变化均不大,而另外三种瓜类的以上指标均受到明显的抑制;高温使得黑籽南瓜及黄瓜叶片和根系中都积累了大量的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量在叶片中增大,但在根系中却减小,而处理下‘五叶香’丝瓜的MDA含量与对照差异不显著,且两种渗透调节物质表现为叶片中减小根系中增大;处理下‘兴蔬’丝瓜根系中MDA的减少量及可溶性蛋白的增加量都大于‘傲美’苦瓜。结果表明,根际高温下两个丝瓜品种,特别是‘五叶香’丝瓜有较高的耐受力,通过提高根系中的渗透调节物质含量来降低根际高温对植株整体造成的伤害。     

Characterization of exopolymeric substances (EPS) produced by Aeromonas hydrophila under reducing conditions

The aim of this work was to investigate the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Aeromonas hydrophila grown under anaerobic conditions. EPS composition was studied for planktonic cells, cells attached to carbon fibre supports using a soluble ferric iron source and cells grown with a solid ferric iron mineral (gossan). Conventional spectrophotometric methods, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to determine the main components in the biofilm extracted from the cultures. The key EPS components were proteins, indicating their importance for electron transfer reactions. Carbohydrates were observed mostly on the mineral and contained terminal mannosyl and/or terminal glucose, fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues.     

Impact of the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl on the initial adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to sand

In this study, the impact of the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl on the cell surface electron donor-electron acceptor (acid-base) properties and adhesion to quartz sand was investigated by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its isogenic EPS-mutant strains Δpel, Δpsl and Δpel/Δpsl. The microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon (MATH) test and titration results showed that both Pel and Psl contribute to the surface hydrophobicity of the cell. The results of contact angle measurement, however, showed no correlation with the cell surface hydrophobicity measured by the MATH test and the titration method. Packed-bed column experiments indicated that the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl are involved in the initial cell attachment to the sand surface and the extent of their impact is dependent on the ionic strength (IS) of the solution. Overall, the Δpel/Δpsl double mutant had the lowest adhesion coefficient to sand compared with the wild-type PAO1, the Δpel mutant and the Δpsl mutant. It is hypothesized that in addition to bacterial surface hydrophobicity and DLVO forces, other factors, eg steric repulsion caused by extracellular macromolecules, and cell surface appendages (flagella and pili) also contribute significantly to the interaction between the cell surface and a sand grain.     

南方砂梨返花过程中内源激素含量变化及其与秋季返花的关系

为探讨花芽内源激素含量变化与返花的关系,以砂梨品种‘丰水’、‘翠冠’为材料,研究了砂梨采果后返花过程中花芽内源激素(IAA、GA3、ABA)含量变化,以及早期落叶和秋季返花特征。结果表明:(1)在采果后至返花过程中,两个品种梨花芽中内源激素IAA和GA3含量都呈逐渐缓慢下降趋势;花芽ABA含量的动态变化成升-降-升的"S"曲线。(2)花芽返花受3种激素的动态平衡控制,花芽IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA和(IAA+GA3)/ABA值变化趋势均呈相似的"S"形曲线,IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA和(IAA+GA3)/ABA值增加,花芽返花;比值降低,花芽逐渐步入休眠期。(3)砂梨的落叶率与返花率呈极显著正相关关系,花芽中IAA/ABA比值与砂梨落叶率和返花率相关系数分别为0.805、0.774,相关性均达到显著水平。研究认为,梨返花与早期落叶密切相关,受花芽内源激素IAA、GA3、ABA动态平衡控制;早期落叶降低了花芽中ABA的含量,从而使花芽内生长促进型激素占主导地位,阻止自然休眠的花芽进入休眠或促使进入浅休眠部分花芽解除休眠,所以出现秋季返花现象。     

盐分对生物脱氮工艺中硝化反应的影响与机理

高盐废水来源广泛,在利用生物脱氮法处理高盐含氮废水时,盐分会对生物脱氮产生抑制作用.硝化反应是生物脱氮工艺中的关键过程,研究盐分对硝化反应的影响机理具有重要意义.本文概述了盐分对废水生物脱氮过程中硝化反应影响的研究进展,总结了盐胁迫对好氧氨氧化过程、亚硝酸盐氧化过程中硝化效率和反应特性的影响规律,并分析了盐分对硝化微生物细胞形态、生物絮体结构和胞外聚合物特性变化以及菌群结构的影响,系统阐述了盐胁迫下的硝化反应机理,为高盐分高铵氮废水生物脱氮工艺设计提供理论指导.
     

Rapid decrease of ATP content in intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after incubation with low concentrations of sulfite

Sulfite, at concentrations above 1 mM and at a pH below 4, caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 as measured by the colony-forming capacity. A rapid decrease in the ATP content was observed prior to cellular death. The depletion of ATP was reversible and the lethal effect could be prevented if the cells were exposed to sulfite for periods of less than 1 h. Extent and rate of ATP depletion were dependent on time, pH value, temperature and sulfite concentrations.